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在网络时代,XML文件起到了一个保存和传输数据的作用。Soap协议通过Xml交流信息,数据库通过Xml文件存取等等。那么怎样快速的从一个XML文件中取得所需的信息呢?
 我们知道,JAVA的JAXP中和Microsoft.Net都有Xml分析器,Microsoft.Net是边读边分析,而JAXP是读到内存中然后才进行分析(还有一种是事件机制去读),总而言之,是不利于快速读取。基于此,Microsoft.Net 和JAXP都提供了XPATH机制,来快速定位到XML文件中所需的节点。
 
 例如有一个XML文件:booksort.xml:
 
 <?xml version="1.0"?>
 
 <!-- a fragment of a book store inventory database -->
 
 <bookstore xmlns:bk="urn:samples">
 
 <book genre="novel" publicationdate="1997" bk:ISBN="1-861001-57-8">
 
 <title>Pride And Prejudice</title>
 
 <author>
 
 <first-name>Jane</first-name>
 
 <last-name>Austen</last-name>
 
 </author>
 
 <price>24.95</price>
 
 </book>
 
 <book genre="novel" publicationdate="1992" bk:ISBN="1-861002-30-1">
 
 <title>The Handmaid's Tale</title>
 
 <author>
 
 <first-name>Margaret</first-name>
 
 <last-name>Atwood</last-name>
 
 </author>
 
 <price>29.95</price>
 
 </book>
 
 <book genre="novel" publicationdate="1991" bk:ISBN="1-861001-57-6">
 
 <title>Emma</title>
 
 <author>
 
 <first-name>Jane</first-name>
 
 <last-name>Austen</last-name>
 
 </author>
 
 <price>19.95</price>
 
 </book>
 
 <book genre="novel" publicationdate="1982" bk:ISBN="1-861001-45-3">
 
 <title>Sense and Sensibility</title>
 
 <author>
 
 <first-name>Jane</first-name>
 
 <last-name>Austen</last-name>
 
 </author>
 
 <price>19.95</price>
 
 </book>
 
 </bookstore>
 
 如果我们想快速查找”last-name”等于”Austen”的所有标题名,可以通过以下方法可以得到:
 
 XmlReaderSample.cs
 
 //Corelib.net/System.Xml.Xsl/XPathDocument Class
 
 //Author :Any
 
 
 using System;
 
 using System.IO;
 
 using System.Xml;
 
 using System.Xml.XPath;
 
 
 public class XmlReaderSample
 
 {
 
 public static void Main()
 
 {
 
 XmlTextReader myxtreader = new XmlTextReader("booksort.xml");
 
 XmlReader myxreader = myxtreader;
 
 XPathDocument doc = new XPathDocument(myxreader);
 
 XPathNavigator nav = doc.CreateNavigator();
 
 
 XPathExpression expr;
 
 expr = nav.Compile("descendant::book[author/last-name='Austen']");
 
 
 //expr.AddSort("title", XmlSortOrder.Ascending, XmlCaseOrder.None, "", XmlDataType.Text);
 
 
 XPathNodeIterator iterator = nav.Select(expr);
 
 while (iterator.MoveNext())
 
 {
 
 XPathNavigator nav2 = iterator.Current;
 
 nav2.MoveToFirstChild();
 
 Console.WriteLine("Book title: {0}", nav2.Value);
 
 }
 
 }
 
 }
 
 运行这个程序,结果为:
 
 Book title: Pride And Prejudice
 
 Book title: Emma
 
 Book title: Sense and Sensibility
 
 
 可以看到查找正确。
 
 利用XPATH中的一些功能,也可以实现简单的排序和简单运算。如在数据库中经常要对数据进行汇总,就可用XPATH实现。
 
 如:
 
 order.xml
 
 <!--Represents a customer order-->
 
 <order>
 
 <book ISBN='10-861003-324'>
 
 <title>The Handmaid's Tale</title>
 
 <price>19.95</price>
 
 </book>
 
 <cd ISBN='2-3631-4'>
 
 <title>Americana</title>
 
 <price>16.95</price>
 
 </cd>
 
 </order>
 
 
 和:books.xml
 
 <?xml version="1.0"?>
 
 <!-- This file represents a fragment of a book store inventory database -->
 
 <bookstore>
 
 <book cc="dd" xmlns:bk="urn:sample" xmlns:ns="http://www.Any.com" genre="autobiography" publicationdate="1981" ISBN="1-861003-11-0">
 
 <title>The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin</title>
 
 <ns:author>
 
 <first-name>Benjamin</first-name>
 
 <last-name>Franklin</last-name>
 
 </ns:author>
 
 <price>8.99</price>
 
 </book>
 
 <book genre="novel" publicationdate="1967" ISBN="0-201-63361-2">
 
 <title>The Confidence Man</title>
 
 <author>
 
 <first-name>Herman</first-name>
 
 <last-name>Melville</last-name>
 
 </author>
 
 <price>11.99</price>
 
 </book>
 
 <book genre="philosophy" publicationdate="1991" ISBN="1-861001-57-6">
 
 <title>The Gorgias</title>
 
 <author>
 
 <name>Plato</name>
 
 </author>
 
 <price>9.99</price>
 
 </book>
 
 </bookstore>
 
 
 我们可以对该XML文件中的price求和,以得到价格总数。
 
 Evaluate.cs
 
 //Corelib.net/System.Xml.Xsl/XPathNavigator Class
 
 //Author :Any
 
 
 using System;
 
 using System.IO;
 
 using System.Xml;
 
 using System.Xml.XPath;
 
 
 
 public class EvaluateSample
 
 {
 
 public static void Main()
 
 {
 
 EvaluateSample myEvaluateSample = new EvaluateSample();
 
 myEvaluateSample.test("books.xml");
 
 }
 
 
 public void test(String args)
 
 {
 
 try
 
 {
 
 //test Evaluate(String);
 
 XPathDocument myXPathDocument = new XPathDocument(args);
 
 XPathNavigator myXPathNavigator = myXPathDocument.CreateNavigator();
 
 Console.WriteLine(myXPathNavigator.Evaluate("sum(descendant::book/price)"));
 
 
 //testEvaluate(XPathExpression);
 
 XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
 
 doc.Load("order.xml");
 
 XPathNavigator nav = doc.CreateNavigator();
 
 XPathExpression expr = nav.Compile("sum(//price/text())");
 
 Console.WriteLine(nav.Evaluate(expr));
 
 
 //testEvaluate(XPathExpression);
 
 
 XPathNodeIterator myXPathNodeIterator = nav.Select("descendant::book/title");
 
 expr = nav.Compile("sum(//price/text())");
 
 Console.WriteLine(nav.Evaluate(expr,myXPathNodeIterator));
 
 
 }
 
 catch (Exception e)
 
 {
 
 Console.WriteLine ("Exception: {0}", e.ToString());
 
 }
 
 }
 
 
 }
 
 运行这个程序,结果如下:
 
 30.97
 
 36.9
 
 36.9
 
 我们可以看到,30.97是books.xml中所有price值的总和,而36.9则是order.xml中所有price值的总和。通过XPAH不仅可以快速查找信息,而且还可以对信息进行一些基本的处理。
 
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